作者 主题: 【简易翻译】注意!克苏鲁 调查员指南【第三章】  (阅读 10434 次)

副标题: 家,甜蜜的家

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第三章(CHAPTER 3)
家,甜蜜的家(Home, Sweet Home)
“这是人民战争。这是我们的战争。我们是战士。那就和它战斗吧。与我们的一切抗争,愿上帝捍卫我们的权利。”—教区牧师,《 忠勇之家》,1942年
(“This is the people’s war. It is our war. We are the fighters.  Fight it, then. Fight it with all that is in us, and may God defend the right.” - the Vicar, Mrs Miniver, 1942)
不管世界舞台上发生了什么恐怖事件,生活都尽可能地在家里进行。对于那些被占领的国家来说,是一片萧条,即使你准备好与敌人合作。在一些空虚的国家,情况几乎没有好转,因为平民人口遭受了前所未有的战争压力。
(No matter the horrors taking place on the world-wide stage, life carries on at home as best it can. For those countries which are occupied times are bleak, even if you are prepared to collaborate with the enemy. It is scarcely better in some unoccupied countries, as the strains of war are suffered by the civilian population as never before.)
以下是英国、法国和美利坚合众国的社会时间表,详细说明了这些远离西欧传统战场的国家中影响普通公民生活的事件。与主时间线一样,在可能的情况下,活动按年、月的时间顺序组织。
(Below are social timelines for Britain, France, and the Unites States of America, detailing events affecting the lives of ordinary citizens in each of those countries away from the traditional battlefields of Western Europe. As in the main timeline, events are organised chronologically by year, and then month, where possible.)

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亲爱的英国老家
« 回帖 #1 于: 2021-04-04, 周日 20:16:49 »
亲爱的英国老家(DEAR OLD BLIGHTY)
英国与欧洲大陆隔海相望,由于战争爆发,大陆国家在德国军事力量面前倒台,英国处于一个不同寻常的尴尬境地。虽然从技术上讲,上一次入侵她的岛屿发生在将近900年前,但每个人都清楚,在现代机械化战争的今天,岛屿堡垒可能不再像以前那样坚不可摧。
(Separated from mainland Europe by the sea, Britain is in an unusual and awkward position as war breaks out and the Continental nations topple before Germany’s military might. Although the last invasion of her islands had, technically, taken place almost 900 years previously, everyone is well aware that in these days of modern, mechanised warfare, the island fortress may no longer be quite as impregnable as it once was.)
1922
十一月(NOVEMBER)
英国广播公司第一次从伦敦广播。
(The BBC transmits its first radio broadcast from London.)
1928
蒙塔格·萨默斯牧师出版了《马利菲卡鲁姆》的第一本英文译本。
(The Reverend Montague Summers publishes the first English translation of the Malleus Maleficarum.)
1930
弗兰克惠特尔提交了他的第一个涡轮喷气发动机专利。他在1937年有了第一个原型。
(Frank Whittle submits his first patent for the turbo-jet engine. He has the first prototype running by 1937.)
1931
十二月(DECEMBER)
随着威斯敏斯特法令的签署,大英帝国正式成为英联邦。这使得许多前殖民地建立了自治,同时保留了英国的主权。
(The British Empire formally becomes the British Commonwealth with the signing of the Statute of Westminster. This enables many former colonial territories to establish self-rule whilst retaining British sovereignty.)
1932
奥斯瓦尔德莫斯利创立了英国法西斯联盟(BUF),也被称为黑衫军。
(Oswald Mosley founds the British Union of Fascists (BUF), also known as the Blackshirts.)
1933
“国家”电网作为中央电力局建立。不过由于供应不全无法复盖全国。
(The “National” Grid for electricity supply is established as the Central Electricity Board. However, the supply is patchy and does not cover the whole country.)
建议的方案样式(Suggested  Scenario Styles)
以英国为基地的战役可能涉及“温馨戏剧”、间谍活动、秘密搜救任务、民防以及打击渗透的敌方特工或难以形容的邪教的行动。
(British-based campaigns are likely to involve “cosy drama”, espionage, clandestine retrieval missions, civil defence, and operations against infiltrating enemy agents or unspeakable cults.)
1936
英国开始从东南开始,最终复盖整个东海岸,建立“链家测距与定向”(RDF)站网。 1940年法国沦陷后,该网络开始复盖西海岸和北爱尔兰。
(Britain begins building the Chain Home Range and Direction Finding (RDF) station network, starting in the southeast and eventually covering the whole of the east coast. The network is rolled out to cover the west coast and Northern Ireland after the Fall of France in 1940.)
十月(OCTOBER)
大萧条导致该镇的工业崩溃后,失业的工人从贾罗前往伦敦,突显了东北劳动力的困境。
(Unemployed workers march from Jarrow to London to highlight the plight of the northeast labour force after the town’s industry collapses as a result of the Great Depression.)
十一月(NOVEMBER)
英国广播公司电视台从伦敦的亚历山德拉皇宫开始定期广播,扩大了1932年开始的有限服务。在1939年战争爆发时,广播暂停。
(BBC Television begins regular broadcasting from Alexandra Palace, London, expanding a limited service which began in 1932. Broadcasting is suspended at the outbreak of war in 1939.)
十二月(DECEMBER)
在英国议会拒绝批准爱德华八世与美国离婚者沃利斯·辛普森的婚姻后,这位风度翩翩、人气很高的爱德华八世国王在仅仅统治了11个月后就放弃了英国王位。他弟弟勉强成为乔治六世国王。
(The debonair and highly popular King Edward VIII abdicates the British throne having ruled for only eleven months, after Parliament refuses to sanction his marriage to American divorcée Wallis Simpson. His brother reluctantly becomes King George VI.)
1937
空袭预防(ARP)管理员作为志愿者被激活。“Sellotape”在英国发行,随着时间的推移,它的名字成为了胶带的代名词。
(Air Raid Precautions (ARP) wardens are activated as a volunteer force. “Sellotape” is released in Britain, its name becoming synonymous over time with adhesive tape in general.)
1938
约翰·安德森爵士展示了这个以他自己命名的防空洞;由于免费给予年收入低于一定水平的家庭,且在1941年因金属短缺而停止生产。哈利·普莱斯复兴了幽灵俱乐部,成为一个讨论超自然遭遇的晚餐会。
(Sir John Anderson reveals the eponymous air raid shelter; given free to families earning under a certain annual income, production ceases in 1941 due to metal shortages. Harry Price revives the Ghost Club as a dinner society for discussing supernatural encounters.)
三月(MARCH)
D区是由秘密情报局(SIS)设立的,以进行破坏和宣传活动。它位于伦敦大都会酒店。
(Section D is established by the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) to carry out sabotage and propaganda activities. It is housed in the Metropole Hotel, London.)
五月(MAY)
妇女志愿服务组织(WVS)是由雷丁的马尔基翁·斯特拉·伊萨克斯创立的。
(The Women’s Voluntary Service (WVS) is founded by Stella Isaacs, Marchioness of Reading.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
形成了辅助本土防卫义勇军服务(ATS)。 急救护理业(FANY)被要求成立ATS的汽车驾驶员公司。 总理内维尔·张伯伦(Neville Chamberlain)在慕尼黑危机后从德国回国时发表了“我们时代的和平”演讲。
(The Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) is formed. The First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY) is asked to set up the ATS’ Motor Drivers Company. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain delivers his “Peace for Our Time” speech on his return from Germany after the Munich Crisis.)
十月(OCTOBER)
《图片邮报》周刊第一版由Hulton出版社出版。
(The first edition of the weekly photo-magazine Picture Post is published by Hulton Press.)
1939
艾伦·图灵基于较早的波兰解密机设计了Bombe,以加快对Enigma编码消息的破解。 所得税提高了数倍,以为战争筹集资金。
(Alan Turing designs the Bombe, based on an earlier Polish deciphering machine, to speed up the cracking of Enigma-encoded messages. Income tax rises several times to raise funds for the war effort.)
三月(APRIL)
对20至22岁的男子实行有限征兵制。
(Limited conscription is introduced for men aged between twenty and twenty-two.)
夏季(SUMMER)
英国无线电协会和无线电安全局(RSS或MI8c)成立了自愿拦截者组织(VI),这是一个业余无线电爱好者组织,负责拦截敌方发射信号,以支持官方Y站网络。孕妇、儿童、母亲和教师开始从城镇非正式撤离。
(The Radio Society of Great Britain and the Radio Security Service (RSS or MI8c) set up the Voluntary Interceptors (VI), a group of amateur radio enthusiasts charged with intercepting enemy transmissions in support of the official Y-station network. The unofficial evacuation of pregnant women, children, their mothers, and teachers from towns and cities begins.)
六月(JUNE)
20至21岁的英国男子被要求登记参军。民防演习开始。组建了女子辅助空军(WAAF),组建了女子陆军(WLA)。
(British men aged twenty to twenty-one years of age are asked to register for the armed forces. Civil Defence exercises begin. The Women’s Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) is formed, as is the Women’s Land Army (WLA).)
七月(JULY)
英国皇家海军女兵部队(俗称鹪鹩)在一战结束时解散,现在进行了改革。
(The Women’s Royal Naval Service (colloquially known as the Wrens) is reformed, having been disbanded at the end of World War One.)
八月(AUGUST)
X站设在白金汉郡布莱奇利公园。大众观察项目要求英国人以日记的形式记录他们的日常生活。观察员部队被动员起来。
(Station X is established at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire. The Mass Observation project asks British people to record their daily lives in diary format. The Observer Corps is mobilised.)

M区位于大都会酒店,与D区所住的套房相邻。
(Section M is established in the Metropole Hotel in a suite adjacent to the one occupied by Section D.)

九月(SEPTEMBER)
1日:停电开始。2日:国民服务法允许征募18至41岁的英国男子,这些男子因其职业不能免除兵役。3日:当晚一场可怕的风暴袭击了英格兰北部,张伯伦宣布了可怕的消息英国处于战争状态。8日:成立了食品部。29日:全国身份证、口粮登记日。英国欺骗战争的开始。为迎接德国轰炸,150万人正式撤离各大城市。防毒面具分发给大多数平民,但不是所有人。汽油配给开始了。空军部制定了一系列诱饵策略,以保护机场免受德国轰炸机的攻击,即所谓的Q和R基地。朋友的救护队(FAU)进行了改革。
(1st: the Blackout begins. 2nd: the National Service Act enables the conscription of British men aged between eighteen and forty-one who are not exempt from military service as a result of their occupation. 3rd: a terrific storm hits the north of England on the evening of the day Chamberlain makes the dreaded announcement that Britain is at war. 8th: the Ministry of Food is established. 29th: the National Registration Day for ID cards and ration books takes place. The beginning of the Phoney War in Britain. The official evacuation of 1.5 million people from the major cities in anticipation of German bombing begins. Gas masks are distributed to most civilians, but not all. Petrol rationing begins. The Air Ministry develops a series of decoy strategies to protect airfields from German bombers, the so-called Q- and R-sites. The Friends’ Ambulance Unit (FAU) is reformed.)
十月(OCTOBER)
农业部开展“挖潜求胜”活动。M区位于大都会酒店,与D区相邻的套房内,他们将与D区密切合作。
(The Ministry of Agriculture launches the “Dig for Victory” campaign. Section M is established in the Metropole Hotel, in a suite adjacent to the one occupied by Section D, with whom they will be working closely.)
英镑、先令和便士(Pounds, Shillings  & Pence)
与法国、德国和美国不同的是,英国的货币不采用十进制,这让游客们很困惑。
(Unlike France, Germany, and the United States, British currency does not operate under a decimal system, much to the confusion of visitors.)
1英镑=20先令(s)=240便士(d)
(£1 = 20 shillings (s) = 240 pence (d))
如果某物的价格为1英镑、6先令和2便士(图便士),则写为 £1 6s 2d
(If something costs one pound, six shillings, and two pence (tuppence), it is written as £1 6s 2d)
十二月(DECEMBER)
第一批加拿大军队抵达英国。英国政府开始拘留敌国外来人,最初是德国人,后来是意大利人,包括难民;许多人被安置在马恩岛。到1942年夏天,大多数低风险的敌国外来人已经被释放。对基本食品实行价格管制,以防止通货膨胀和牟取暴利。
(The first Canadian troops arrive in the UK. The British government begins the internment of enemy aliens, initially German and then Italian, including refugees; many are housed on the Isle of Man. By the summer of 1942, most low-risk enemy aliens have been released. Price controls are introduced on basic foodstuffs to prevent inflation and profiteering.)
1940
为儿童设立的收获营是为了帮助那些劳动力短缺的农民。由于夏秋两季异常温和,收成格外好。“徒步旅行者”开始在郊外、林地和公园睡觉,在那里他们感到安全,免受炸弹袭击的威胁。所得税又增加了。由于战争的功劳,失业几乎被消除了。非战斗部队成立了。
(Harvest camps for children are instituted to help farmers suffering from manpower shortages. Harvests are exceptionally good due to an incredibly clement summer and autumn. “Trekkers” begin to sleep outdoors in the countryside, woodlands, and parks where they feel safe from the threat of bombing raids. Income tax increases again. Unemployment is virtually eliminated thanks to the war effort. The Non-Combatant Corps is formed.)
一月(JANUARY)
食物配给从培根、黄油和糖开始。
(Food rationing begins with bacon, butter, and sugar.)
二月(FEBRUARY)
“无聊谈话花费生命”活动开始。 建立了民用航空运输辅助设备(ATA),用于将飞机往返于飞机场,生产厂和维修店。
(The “Careless Talk Costs Lives” campaign begins. The civilian Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) is established to transport aircraft to and from airfields, production plants, and repair shops.)
三月(MARCH)
肉类配给开始。 现在,向每位英国公民颁发防毒面具,法律要求人们时刻携带防毒面具。 由英国制表机械公司制造的第一个工作中的Bombe,被称为“胜利”,被交付给布莱奇利公园。 戈登·韦尔奇曼后来的修改提高了整体效率。
(Meat rationing begins. Gas masks are now issued to every British citizen, which people are legally required to carry at all times. The first working Bombe, built by the British Tabulating Machine Company, and known as Victory, is delivered to Bletchley Park. Gordon Welchman’s later modifications improve overall efficiency.)
四月(APRIL)
英国开始了它命运多舛的挪威战役。战时社会调查开始了;上门拉票的人很快就在新闻界赢得了“库珀的窥探者”的绰号,仅次于现任信息部长达夫·库珀,不管他们为哪个机构工作。
(Britain begins its ill-fated Norwegian campaign. The Wartime Social Survey begins; door-to-door canvassers soon earn the nickname “Cooper’s Snoopers” in the press, after current Minister of Information Duff Cooper, no matter which agency they work for.)
“狂野”杰克·霍华德(“Wild” Jack Howard)
查尔斯·亨利·乔治·霍华德,伯克郡第13伯爵,萨福克20伯爵(1906-1941)。 这位富有冒险精神的年轻贵族从皇家海军学院逃离,加入了商船海军,并在返回前,先行返回,然后以AVEC鹦鹉的身份加入苏格兰卫队。 由于其粗鲁的行为和多姿多彩的语言而被要求离开,杰克启程前往澳大利亚。 下次返回时,他就读于爱丁堡大学,随后获得化学和药理学学位。 这有助于确保他在供应部的职位以及他在巴黎的职位(请参阅第27页),在那里他获得了两个大型手枪,亲切地称为珍妮弗和奥斯卡,随身携带
(Charles Henry George Howard, 13th Earl of Berkshire, 20th Earl of Suffolk (1906-1941). The adventurous young nobleman runs away from the Royal Naval College to join the Merchant Navy and travels widely before returning, avec parrot, to join the Scots Guards. Asked to leave because of his rowdy behaviour and colourful language, Jack sets sail for Australia. Upon his next return, he enrols at Edinburgh University, later graduating in chemistry and pharmacology. This helps to secure him a position at the Ministry of Supply and his posting to Paris (see p.27), where he acquires two large pistols, known affectionately as Genevieve and Oscar, which he carries with him everywhere)
五月(MAY)
当张伯伦因挪威竞选失败而辞职时,温斯顿·丘吉尔就任总理。 战争大臣安东尼·伊登宣布组建地方防卫志愿者(LDV)。 BUF被禁止,其领导层被逮捕; 奥斯瓦尔德·莫斯利被监禁。 减少黄油和糖的摄入量。 战争农业执行委员会(War Ag)开始对每个英国农场进行调查,以确定需要采取哪些措施来供应该国的粮食。 26日:举行国庆祈祷日,应丘吉尔的要求,乔治六世国王要求举行全国祈祷日。
(Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister when Chamberlain resigns as a result of the failure of the Norwegian campaign. Anthony Eden, Secretary of State for War, announces the formation of the Local Defence Volunteers (LDV). The BUF is banned and its leadership arrested; Oswald Mosley is imprisoned. Butter and sugar rations are reduced. The War Agricultural Executive Committee (War Ag) begins a survey of every British farm to establish what measures will be needed to supply the nation’s food. 26th: a National Day of Prayer takes place, called for by King George VI at Churchill’s request.)
六月(JUNE)
外国人和其他尚未被困的无国籍人士,将受到每晚宵禁的管制,必须在晚上10:30至凌晨6点之间停留; 敌对国人也必须交出无线电(无线电设备)。 杰克·霍华德在河滨的办公室里成立了炸弹处理研究小组。 整个英国都撤下了路标,以确保对任何潜在的入侵力量陷入混乱。 政府禁止敲响教堂的钟声,除非作为入侵的信号。 赛马会宣布停止赛马。 18日:丘吉尔的“光辉时刻”演讲。 30日:德国入侵海峡群岛,这是战争期间不列颠群岛唯一被占领的部分。
(Aliens, and other stateless persons not already interred, are subject to a nightly curfew and must remain inside between the hours of 10.30PM and 6AM; enemy aliens must also surrender their wirelesses (radio sets). Jack Howard sets up his bomb disposal research team, working from an office in the Strand. Signposts are taken down all over Britain to ensure confusion for any potential invasion force. The Government bans the ringing of church bells except as a signal of invasion. The Jockey Club announces an end to horse racing. 18th: Churchill’s “Finest Hour” speech. 30th: Germany invades the Channel Islands, the only part of the British Isles to be occupied during the conflict.)
七月(JULY)
茶叶开始定量供应;人造黄油也开始定量供应。禁止放风筝和气球,也禁止燃放烟花。罢工行动变得非法。休道尔顿成立了特别行动执行官(SOE),并进入贝克街与他的“非正规”。LDV被重新命名为英国地方军。大不列颠空战开始了。
(Tea rationing begins; margarine also becomes rationed. The flying of kites and balloons is banned, as is the use of fireworks. Strike action becomes illegal. Hugh Dalton forms the Special Operations Executive (SOE), and moves into Baker Street with his “Irregulars”. The LDV is renamed the Home Guard. The Battle of Britain begins.)
没有什么能比得上一杯…(Nothing Like  A Nice Cuppa...)
如果说有一件事是英国人的典型,那就是他们对茶的热爱信息部甚至认为最好的空袭治疗方法就是一杯好茶。我们在这里谈论的不是那些在英国几乎闻所未闻的茶包,而是用一个合适的茶壶冲泡的好的、老式的散叶茶
(If one thing typifies the British, it is their love of tea—the Ministry of Information even thinks that the best cure for an air raid is a good cup of char. And we are not talking tea bags here—those are virtually unheard of in Britain at this time—but good, old-fashioned loose-leaf tea, brewed in a proper teapot)
八月(AUGUST)
浪费食物正式成为犯罪。13日:德国空军开始试图摧毁英国皇家空军,作为入侵的前奏。在伦敦的樱草山,有进取心的小伙子们把望远镜出租给观光者,这样他们就能更好地看到头顶上正在进行的激烈的空中战斗。21日:丘吉尔发表了“人类战争历史中,从没有”的演讲。24日:一架单独的德国空军轰炸机意外将炸弹落在伦敦。
(Wasting food officially becomes a crime. 13th: the Luftwaffe begins its attempts to destroy the RAF as a prelude to invasion. Enterprising chaps on Primrose Hill, London, rent out telescopes to sightseers so they can get a better view of the pitched aerial battles going on overhead. 21st: Churchill’s “Never in the Field of Human Conflict” speech. 24th: a lone Luftwaffe bomber accidentally drops its payload on London.)
译注:完整原文为:在人类战争史上,从来也没有一次像这样,以如此少的兵力,取得如此大的成功,保护如此多的众生。
九月(SEPTEMBER)
7日:伦敦轰炸,又称伦敦大轰炸,开始了。第二个全国祈祷日被组织起来。15日:不列颠空战到了尾声,随后进行海上封锁。白金汉宫在国王和王后居住期间遭到轰炸;国王和臣民之间令人担忧的关系因此开始缓和。国王创造了乔治十字勋章和乔治勋章来表彰平民的勇敢。
(7th: the London Blitz, also known as the Big Blitz, begins. A second National Day of Prayer is organised. 15th: the aerial Battle of Britain ends, to be followed by a naval blockade. Buckingham Palace is bombed when the King and Queen are in residence; the fraught relationship between the King and his subjects begins to ease as a result. The King creates the George Cross and the George Medal to recognise civilian bravery.)
十一月(NOVEMBER)
考文垂在月光奏鸣曲行动中遭到轰炸。
(Coventry is bombed in Operation Moonlight Sonata.)
十二月(DECEMBER)
布里斯托尔遭到德国空军的猛烈轰炸。节礼日这个银行假日被取消。
(Bristol is heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Boxing Day Bank Holiday is cancelled.)
译注:银行假日就是英国的公众假日,名称来源于银行关门休息的假日。
1941
政府引入了“战争武器周”,以此筹集资金来装备武装部队。 所得税还有更多增加。
(War Weapons Weeks are introduced by the Government as a way to raise funds for equipping the armed forces. There are yet more income tax increases.)
三月(MARCH)
奶酪,果酱和果酱变得可口。 劳工和国民服务部部长欧内斯特·贝文发布了基本工作命令,该命令要求技术工人向政府注册,以限制因征兵和志愿服务而造成的技术人员短缺。 介绍了用于房屋内部的莫里森避难所,并以内政大臣赫伯特莫里森的名字命名。 一家针对流亡者的德语报纸《时代杂志》开始在伦敦出版。由英国皇家空军在德国上空空投简略版本。
(Cheese, jam, and conserves become rationed. Ernest Bevin, Minster for Labour and National Service, issues the Essential Work Order, which requires skilled workers to register with the government in an attempt to limit skill shortages caused by conscription and volunteering. Morrison shelters, for use inside the home, and named after the Home Secretary Herbert Morrison, are introduced. Die Zeitung, a German language newspaper aimed at exiles, begins publishing in London; abridged versions are air-dropped over Germany by the RAF)
四月(APRIL)
根据租借法案组织的首批食品运输抵达英国。观察团成为皇家观察团(ROC)。
(The first food shipments organised under the Lend-Lease Bill arrive in Britain. The Observer Corps becomes the Royal Observer Corps (ROC).)
五月(MAY)
杰克·霍华德和他的团队在伦敦附近的厄里斯沼泽的炸弹墓地里解除了“老忠实泉”的引信。 尽管在整个战争期间炸弹不断下落,但伦敦大轰炸已经正式结束。消防已收归国有。
(Jack Howard is killed, along with his team, defusing “Old Faithful” in the bomb graveyard at Erith Marshes, near London. The Blitz officially ends, although bombs continue to fall on and off throughout the conflict. Fire services are nationalised.)
译注:Old Faithful是黄石公园的那个老忠实泉,是用来作为定时炸弹的代称,一方面是老忠实泉喷发的间隔非常准,用来代指定时炸弹,另一方面是因为老忠实泉的喷泉形状很像炸弹爆炸的云雾。
六月(JUNE)
衣服、家具和煤被添加到配给物品列表中。
(Clothes, furniture, and coal are added to the list of rationed items.)
八月(AUGUST)
政府接管了国家铁路的运营。
(The government takes over the running of the country’s railways.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
政府推出实用服装是为了控制织物短缺(第15页)。
(Utility clothing is introduced by the Government in an attempt to control fabric shortages (p.15).)
十二月(DECEMBER)
《国民服务法(2)》允许19至30岁的未婚和后来结婚的英国妇女被征召参加战争工作。对某些项目实行积分配给。
(The National Service Act (2) enables unmarried and, later, married, British women aged nineteen to thirty to be called up for war work. Points rationing is introduced for certain items.)
1942
牛津饥荒救济委员会(Oxfam)的成立是为了帮助遭受德国占领的希腊妇女和儿童。 尼龙袜在英国有售,尽管时间很短。 女子木材军团(WTC)与WLA分开。
(The Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (Oxfam) is founded to help Greek women and children suffering under German occupation. Nylon stockings become available in the UK, albeit briefly. The Women’s Timber Corps (WTC) separates from the WLA.)
一月(JANUARY)
第一批美国大兵们抵达英国。
(The first American GIs arrive in the UK.)
二月(FEBRUARY)
肥皂配给开始。 复杂的积分系统使人们可以改变购买的商品来满足各种家庭需求。
(Soap rationing begins. A complex point system enables people to vary what they can buy to cover a variety of household requirements.)
三月(MARCH)
能源配给范围扩大到了天然气和电力。
(Fuel rationing is extended to cover gas and electricity.)
四月(APRIL)
为了报复英国皇家空军对吕贝克的轰炸,德国空军开始对历史悠久但以非战略为主的英国城镇发动拜德克空袭。他们是以贝德克的英国旅游指南命名的,据称这些目标是根据他们的星级选择的。突袭行动持续到6月。
(The Luftwaffe begins the Baedeker raids against historic but predominantly non-strategic English towns and cities in retaliation for the RAF’s bombing of Lübeck. They are named after Baedeker’s Tourist Guide to Great Britain, from which the targets are allegedly chosen by their star rating. The raids last until June.)


“嗯,我不能说这是最讨人喜欢的衣服,但它很暖和,也很结实。它也不需要一只胳膊和一条腿,至少它不是二手货。我想现在必须这样做。”
(“Well, I can’t say that it’s the most flattering of clothing, but it’s warm and pretty sturdy. It doesn’t cost an arm and a leg, either and at least it’s not second-hand. I suppose it will have to do, for now.”)
—玛吉,伦敦,1941年10月。
(—Maggie, London, October 1941)
入乡随俗(Entering the Vernacular)
像许多工业城镇一样,考文垂也因其对战争的重要性而遭受重创。由于德国空军试图消灭当地的制造业单位,这个城镇几乎在一夜之间就被燃烧弹摧毁。德国的宣传机器甚至铸造了一个新的动词“考文垂”,这是一种通过燃烧炸弹摧毁一座城市来庆祝的行为。当英国皇家空军和美国空军在战争后期开始对德国城市进行全面轰炸时,他们就停止使用它。
(Like many industrial towns and cities, Coventry suffers badly because of its importance to the war effort. The town is virtually destroyed in a single night by incendiary bombs as the Luftwaffe attempts to eradicate local manufacturing units. The German propaganda machine even coins a new verb—“Coventrieren”, the act of devastating a city by firebombing—to celebrate. They stop using it when the RAF and USAAF begin blanket-bombing German cities later in the war.)
七月(JULY)
美国陆军航空兵(USAAF)开始抵达英国。糖果配给开始了。
(The United States Army Air Force (USAAF) begins arriving in Britain. Sweet rationing begins.)
八月(AUGUST)
饼干配给开始。
(Biscuit rationing begins.)

每天做一件使到自己害怕的事情.—埃莉诺·罗斯福

十月(OCTOBER)
埃莉诺·罗斯福抵达英国进行为期三周的访问,视察美英军队。
(Eleanor Roosevelt arrives in Britain for a three week visit to inspect American and British troops.)
十一月(NOVEMBER)
美国军人俱乐部“彩虹角”在伦敦沙夫茨伯里大街的拐角处开业。
(The American Servicemen’s Club, “Rainbow Corner”, opens on the corner of Shaftesbury Avenue, London.)
1943
为帮助农民,设立了成人丰收营;每个参与者进行两周的带薪劳动,晚上的娱乐活动由全国娱乐服务协会(ENSA)提供。介绍了实用家具目录,旨在做的家具节目做了服装。迪金动物勇敢勋章是由人民兽医药房(PDSA)的创始人玛丽·迪金介绍的。
(Harvest camps for adults are instituted to help farmers; each participant carries out two weeks paid labour, with evening entertainment provided by the Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA). The Utility Furniture Catalogue is introduced, aiming to do for furniture what the programme did for clothing. The Dickin Medal for animal bravery is introduced by the founder of the People’s Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA), Marie Dickin.)
三月(MARCH)
托米·弗劳尔斯是多利斯山邮局研究实验室的工程师,他开始设计“巨人”,这是第一台可编程的电子数字计算机,以加速破解德国洛伦兹电子密码机:金枪鱼。
(Tommy Flowers, an engineer at the Post Office Research Labs at Dollis Hill, begins design work on Colossus, the first programmable electronic digital computer, to speed up cracking of the German Lorenz teleprinter cipher, Tunny.)
四月(APRIL)
少数妇女被允许作为“提名妇女”正式加入英国国民军。
(A small number of women are permitted to officially join the Home Guard as “Nominated Women”.)
十二月(DECEMBER)
贝文男孩:48000名年龄在18岁到25岁之间的英国应征入伍者被派往地下,而不是前线,以弥补煤矿工人的长期短缺。
(Bevin Boys: 48,000 British conscripts between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five are sent underground rather than to the frontline to make up for a chronic shortage of coal miners.)
1944
由于英国开始实行现收现付(PAYE)税制,有资格纳税的人数大幅增加。海伦·邓肯成为英国现行反巫术法律下最后一个受审的人。
(The Pay As You Earn (PAYE) tax system is introduced in Britain due to the huge increase in the number of those eligible to pay tax. Helen Duncan becomes the last person tried under the existing British laws against witchcraft.)
一月(JANUARY)
巨人马克一号成功地完成了它在X站(更为出名称呼是布莱奇利公园)的第一次试运行,仅仅在一个月前到达目的。工业区的“小闪电战”开始了,持续到3月份。
(Colossus Mark I successfully completes its first test run at Station X (better known as Bletchley Park), having arrived only a month earlier. The “Little Blitz” of industrial areas begins, lasting until March.)
四月(APRIL)
所有出国旅行在英国全面禁止。
(All overseas travel from Britain is banned.)
六月(JUNE)
很快被英国公众昵称为“狮蚁”的V1导弹,开始落在伦敦(垃圾屋行动)。
(V1 bombs, quickly nicknamed “doodlebugs” by the British public, begin falling on London (Operation Junk Room).)
译注:原文为:【Operation Junk Room】,我没有找到对应名称的行动。
九月(SEPTEMBER)
另一个全国祈祷日是在战争五周年纪念日举行的。V2火箭向伦敦发射。灯火管制正式降级为“半灯光管制”。
(Another National Day of Prayer is held on the fifth anni-versary of the war. V2 rockets are fired on London. The Blackout is officially downgraded to the “Dim-Out”.)
十二月(DECEMBER)
英国国民军正式解散。
(The Home Guard is officially stood down.)
1945
四月(APRIL)
英国终于取消了灯火管制。
(The Blackout is finally lifted in Britain.)

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不那么美丽的时代
« 回帖 #2 于: 2021-04-04, 周日 20:19:40 »
不那么美丽的时代(THE NOT-SO-BELLE EPOQUE)
由于德国的入侵,从1939年9月到1940年6月,法国只在很短的时间内拥有一个主场。然而,随着抵抗在整个战争中的不断发展,这个国家建立了一个隐蔽的国内阵线,专门用来挫败德国人和他们自己的维希政府。
(Due to the German invasion, France technically only has a home front for a very short period of time, from September 1939 until June 1940. However, as the Resistance contin-ues to develop throughout the war, the country establishes a hidden and internal home front dedicated to foiling the Germans and their own Vichy government.)
1930
法国战争部长安德烈·马奇诺在法国与德国和意大利的边界(分别是马奇诺线和阿尔卑斯线)开始修建一条静态防线,包括混凝土掩体和机枪哨所。
(André Maginot, French Minister of War, initiates the con-struction of a static line of defence, including concrete bunkers and machine gun posts, along France’s borders with Germany and Italy (the Maginot and Alpine Lines, respectively).)
建议的方案样式(Suggested Scenario Styles)
根据你的游戏设置的时间,法国的战役可能会涉及间谍活动,抵抗活动,如破坏和渗透,以及查明犯罪事实的检索任务。
(Depending on when your game is set, French-based campaigns are likely to involve espionage, Resistance activities, such as sabotage and infiltration, and clandes-tine retrieval missions.)
1935
五月(MAY)
签署了法苏互助条约,以期包围德国,遏制其势力。
(The Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance is signed, with a view to encircling Germany, and keeping its power in check.)
1939
九月(SEPTEMBER)
3日:法国向入侵波兰后德国宣战。法国共产党(PCF)被总理埃杜阿尔德·达拉迪耶堆到地下发展。
(3rd: France declares war on Germany following the invasion of Poland. The French Communist Party (PCF) is driven underground by Prime Minister Édouard Daladier.)
十月(OCTOBER)
杰克·霍华德在秘书贝丽尔·莫登的陪同下被派往巴黎,担任英国供应部和法国军备部之间的联络人。
(Jack Howard, accompanied by his secretary Beryl Morden, is sent to Paris to act as liaison between the British Ministry of Supply and the French Ministry of Armaments.)
1940
二月(FEBRUARY)
在某些职业和公司以及行政部门,女性劳动是强制性的。
(Female labour is made obligatory in certain professions and companies, as well as in administration.)
三月(MARCH)
达拉迪耶辞去总理职务,由保罗·雷诺接替。
(Daladier resigns as Prime Minister, and is replaced by Paul Reynaud.)
五月(MAY)
法国战役开始了。
(The Battle of France begins.)
六月(JUNE)
戴高乐逃到伦敦,成立了他的“自由法国”运动。戴高乐向丘吉尔提出了法英联合宣言。杰克·霍华德、贝丽尔·摩根和一大群法国科学家携着价值数百万英镑的钻石和世界上的重水,从巴黎逃到波尔多,然后在进军中的德国军队眼皮底下逃到英国。停战后,法国被划分为德国占领的北部地区和维希控制的南部自由区。起初,对维希政权和占领有广泛的支持,法国士兵甚至在特别的党卫军部门中服役(例如,党卫军查理·莱芒涅军团)。
(Charles de Gaulle flees to London and sets up his “Free French” movement. de Gaulle proposes the Declaration of Union between France and Britain to Churchill. Carry-ing millions of pounds worth of diamonds and the world’s supply of heavy water, Jack Howard, Beryl Morgan, and a large group of French scientists flee from Paris to Bordeaux, and then on to Britain under the noses of the advancing German army. After the armistice, France is divided into a German-occupied northern zone and the Vichy-controlled southern Free Zone. Initially, there is widespread support for the Vichy regime and the occupation, and French soldiers even serve in special SS divisions (for example, the SS Char-lemagne Regiment).)
什么是价格解放?(What Price Liberte?)
新政权带来了优先权的变化。佩坦政府将法国的垮台归咎于第三共和国的颓废,并抛弃了其著名的格言“Liberté、Égalité、Fraternité”(自由、平等、兄弟情谊),取而代之的是更符合其宗旨的格言:“Travail、Famille、Patrie”(工作、家庭、祖国)。
(With the new regime comes a change in priorities. Pétain’s government blames the decadence of the Third Republic for France’s downfall and casts aside its famed motto “Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité” (Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood) for one more suited to its purpose: “Travail, Famille, Patrie” (Work, Family, Fatherland).)
意料之外的提议(An Unexpected Proposition)
根据戴高乐的计划,英国和法国将成为一个完整的政治和民族联盟,以确保两国的相互保护和生存。尽管法国总理雷诺德试图向法国部长会议推销这一想法,但菲利普·贝当元帅领导反对派推翻了这一倡议,迫使雷诺德辞职。法国和英国现在分道扬镳,不管是好是坏。
(nder de Gaulle’s plans, Britain and France would become a full political and national Union in order to ensure the mutual protection and survival of both countries. Despite French Prime Minister Reynaud’s attempts to sell the idea to the French Council of Ministers, Marshal Philippe Pétain leads the opposition in quashing the initiative, forcing Reynaud to resign. France and Britain now go their separate ways, for better or worse.)
七月(JULY)
贝当获得了全部权力,成为法国国家元首,使皮埃尔拉瓦尔成为他的副手。英国皇家海军在阿尔及利亚的梅斯-埃尔-凯比尔和其他地点攻击法国舰队,以防止其落入德国人手中(投石机行动)。贝当因此取消了与英国的外交关系。戴高乐在伦敦建立了一个法国情报局,即重新分配情报局(SR);1942年1月更名为中央信息和行动办公室(BCRA)。德国切断了法国占领区和自由区之间的铁路和公路连接。法国维希实行配给制。
(Pétain achieves total power and becomes Head of the French State, making Pierre Laval his deputy. The British Royal Navy attacks the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir, Algeria, and at other locations, to prevent it from falling into German hands (Operation Catapult). Pétain cancels diplomatic rela-tions with Britain as a result. de Gaulle sets up a French intelligence service, the Service de Reseignements (SR) from London; it is renamed the Bureau Central de Reseignements et d’Action (BCRA) in January 1942. Germany cuts the rail and road links between the Occupied and Free French zones. Rationing is introduced in Vichy France.)
夏季(SUMMER)
法国最早的抵抗组织之一,人民团体,由左翼知识分子组成,与巴黎博物馆有联系,以保护法国文化不受德国影响。他们的活动之一是出版地下报纸《抵抗报》。
(One of the earliest French Resistance groups, the Groupe de Musée de l’Homme, is formed by left-wing intellectuals with links to Parisian museums to defend French culture from German influences. One of their activities is publishing the underground newspaper Résistance.)
八月(AUGUST)
战斗,原为民族解放运动(MLN),也是法国抵抗运动的“八大”之一,由亨利·弗雷内在里昂创立。
(Combat, originally the National Liberation Movement (MLN), and one of the “big eight” of the French Resistance movement, is founded by Henri Frenay in Lyon.)
十月(OCTOBER)
《已婚妇女工作法》禁止妇女在丈夫有经济能力供养的情况下外出工作。
(The Married Women’s Work Act bans women from working outside the home if their husband can financially provide for them.)
“没有这个,没有那个,你知道当连鱼都开始自杀的时候事情一定很糟糕。鲱鱼可能不是我最喜欢的食物,但这些天,我会吃我能吃的任何东西。至少从诺曼底的海滩运到这里意味着鱼的死亡不是徒劳的……”
(“No this, no that, and you know things must be bad when even the fish start committing suicide. Herring may not be my favourite food but these days, I’ll take anything I can get. At least shipping it here from the beaches in Normandy means the fishes’ deaths aren’t in vain...”)
-伊夫,巴黎,1941年。
(—Yves, Paris, 1941.)
十一月(NOVEMBER)
初出茅庐的法国抵抗运动开始得到特别行动执行局(SOE)的支持。黑市如火如荼。
(The fledgling French Resistance movement begins to receive support from the Special Operations Executive (SOE). The black market is in full swing.)
1941
维希法国军事部队,机动后备组(GMR),是由警察局长勒内·布斯克建立的。
(The Groupes Mobiles de Réserve (GMR), Vichy French par-amilitary units, are established by the Head of Police, René Bousquet.)
二月(FEBRUARY)
维希法国的面包配给减少了。
(Bread rations are reduced in Vichy France.)
六月(JUNE)
维希的共产主义支持者在入侵苏联后转而反对政府。
(Vichy’s Communist supporters turn against the government after the invasion of the Soviet Union.)
夏季(SUMMER)
南部抵抗组织La Derniere Colonne开始出版地下报纸《解放》。
(La Derniere Colonne, a southern Resistance group, begins publishing the underground newspaper Libération.)
八月(AUGUST)
法国维希实行葡萄酒定量供应。
(Wine rationing is introduced in Vichy France.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
在巴黎,烟草配给减少了,因此妇女根本没有配给津贴。
(In Paris, the tobacco ration is reduced, so that women have no ration allowance at all.)
1942
巧克力和咖啡不再供应了。糖和糖果也变得很难找到。
(Chocolate and coffee are no longer available. Sugar and sweets also become very hard to find.)
六月(JUNE)
贝当建立了Relève计划,在那里,法国的专业工人可以自愿到德国工作,以换取在法国战争期间释放的法国战俘。但是,必须有三名工人自愿确保一名战俘获释。
(Pétain institutes the Relève programme, where specialist French workers can volunteer for a tour-of-work duty in Ger-many in return for the release of French POWs taken during the Battle of France. However, three workers must volunteer to secure the release of one single POW.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
由于劳动力短缺,《已婚妇女工作法》被废除。妇女被允许加入警察部队,14岁以上的女孩现在可以按规定参加工作。
(The Married Women’s Work Act is repealed due to mas-sive labour shortages. Women are allowed to join the police force, and girls from the age of fourteen can now be con-scripted into work.)
十一月(NOVEMBER)
德国军队作为安东行动的一部分,进军无人占领的法国,以回应维希政权向北非盟军投降。
(German troops march into unoccupied France as part of Operation Anton, in response to the Vichy regime’s surren-der to Allied forces in North Africa.)
1943
约瑟夫·达南成立了维希准军事组织法国民兵,该组织的成立是为了对抗不断发展的法国抵抗运动。美国战略服务办公室(OSS)开始为抵抗军提供支援。建立了专门从事军事情报和警察活动的事实收集网络加利亚
(Joseph Darnand founds the Milice Français, a Vichy para-military organisation created to fight the growing French Resistance movement. The American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) begins support operations for the Resistance. Gallia, a fact-gathering network specialising in military intel-ligence and police activities, is formed)
一月(JANUARY)
抵抗运动联盟(MUR)在法国南部由三个主要抵抗组织,即战斗、解放和弗兰克枪手游击队(FTP)组成,并由让·马克斯协助建立。 该组织的武装部门被称为秘密军。
(The Mouvements Unis de la Résistance (MUR) is formed in southern France from the three main resistance groups, Combat, Libération, and the Franc-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), with the help of Jean “Max” Moulin. The armed wing of the organisation is known as the Armée Secrète.)
二月(FEBRUARY)
《劳动义务服务法》开始生效,强制所有1920年至1922年出生的非免税男子登记从事义务工作。这项立法导致的大规模潜逃导致了马奇游击队的形成,尽管这个术语直到1943年春天才被广泛使用。
(The Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO) legislation comes into force, compelling all non-exempt men born between 1920 and 1922 to register for compulsory work. Mass abscondment caused by the legislation leads to the formation of the Maquis, although that term doesn’t become widely used until Spring 1943.)
五月(MAY)
法国全国抵抗委员会(CNR)在巴黎成立。
(The France-wide Conseil National de la Résistance (CNR) is formed in Paris.)
六月(JUNE)
法国民族解放委员会在阿尔及尔成立,统一所有法国反维希和反德势力
(The French Committee for National Liberation is founded in Algiers to unify all French anti-Vichy and anti-German forces)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
V3加农炮基地的建设始于加莱附近的Mimoyecques。它在1944年7月英国皇家空军的空袭中被塔尔博伊炸弹严重损坏。
(Construction of the V3 cannon site begins at Mimoyecques, near Calais. It is badly damaged by Tallboy bombs during an RAF air raid in July 1944.)
十月(OCTOBER)
德国军队开始在法国北部建造V1发射场。
(German forces begin the construction of V1 launch sites in northern France.)
1944
二月(FEBRUARY)
维希劳动征兵法得到扩大,使妇女能够被征召到德国工作。
(Vichy labour conscription laws are expanded, enabling women to be requisitioned for work in Germany.)
六月(JUNE)
法国抵抗运动在巴黎暗杀了维希宣传部长菲利普·亨利奥。十日:党卫队第二装甲师的一部分屠杀了法国格兰河畔奥拉杜尔村的居民。据称,德国军队从军事情报局获悉,一名德国军官在该地区被俘虏,但袭击了错误的村庄,据说该村庄的名字被误认为是附近另一个定居点的名字。戴高乐宣布法兰西共和国临时政府成立。法国北部的V1发射场现已投入使用。
(The French Resistance assassinate the Vichy propaganda minister, Philippe Henriot, in Paris. 10th: part of the 2nd SS-Panzer Division massacres the inhabitants of the French village of Oradour-sur-Glane. The German troops had alleg-edly been informed by the Milice that a German officer was being held captive in the area but attacked the wrong vil-lage, having supposedly mistaken its name for that of another settlement nearby. de Gaulle announces the Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF). V1 launch sites in northern France are now operational.)
八月(AUGUST)
25日:巴黎终于获得解放。贝当被德国人逮捕。面对越来越多的抵抗运动,维希政府的那些人仍然可以自由逃往德国,然后在西格马林根重建政府。
(25th: Paris is finally liberated. Pétain is arrested by the Ger-mans.Those of the Vichy government still at liberty escape to Germany in the face of increasingly brazen Resistance activity, and re-establish their government at Sigmaringen.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
法国大部分地区已经被盟军解放,除了少数几个小的德国抵抗区。
(Most of France has been liberated by Allied troops, apart from a few small pockets of German resistance.)

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妈妈和苹果派
« 回帖 #3 于: 2021-04-04, 周日 20:20:49 »
妈妈和苹果派(MOM & APPLE PIE)
尽管通常被称为对美国的“好战争”,但在战争行动爆发时,美国仍然是一个发展中世界大国。 该国尚未完全从大萧条的影响中恢复过来,它不希望被卷入另一场欧洲冲突中。 战争的经历在许多方面与第一线相距甚远,与希特勒侵略的家门口相去甚远。 然而在其他方面,经历却非常相似,战争极大地改变了人们的生活。
(Though often referred to as “the Good War” for America, the United States is still a developing world power at the outbreak of hostilities. Not yet fully recovered from the effects of the Great Depression, the country has no wish to be dragged into yet another European conflict. Far removed from the frontline, the experience of war is, in many ways, very different from that of those on the doorstep of Hitler’s aggression. Yet in other ways the experience is very similar, with war changing life on a massive scale.)
1929
十月(OCTOBER)
华尔街崩盘:美国股市下跌导致大萧条,不仅影响美国,也影响世界其他地区。
(The Wall Street Crash: the fall of the American stock market leads to the Great Depression, affecting not only the United States, but also the rest of the world.)
1930
胶带由3M公司以“透明胶布”的名称引入。
(Adhesive tape is introduced by 3M under the name “Scotch Tape”.)
1933
一月(JANUARY)
富兰克林·D·罗斯福成为美国第32任总统。作为其任务的一部分,罗斯福提出了新政。大平原发生了尘暴。
(Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes 32nd President of the United States. As part of his mandate, Roosevelt introduces the New Deal. The Great Plains turn into the Dust Bowl.)
建议的方案样式(Suggested Scenario Styles)
由于本指南只涉及西欧战区,而且由于没有大规模大陆入侵的真正威胁,以美国为基地的战役可能涉及黑色侦探调查、间谍活动、渗透奇怪的邪教和敌人组织以及秘密搜索和恢复任务。
(As this guide deals only with the Western European Theatre of the war, and because of the absence of a real threat of a large-scale mainland invasion, American-based campaigns are likely to involve noir-style detective investigations, espionage, infiltration of strange cults and enemy organisations, and clandestine search and recovery missions.)
太平洋战场的细节将在《注意!克苏鲁:太平洋前线指南》。
(Details of the Pacific Theatre will be dealt with in Achtung! Cthulhu: Guide to the Pacific Front.)
三月(MARCH)
罗斯福的第一次“炉边谈话”是电视节目,在节目期间,总统用各种轶事和精心挑选、易于理解的语言来解释他的政策。
(The first of Roosevelt’s “fireside chats” is broadcast, during which the President explains his policies using a mixture of anecdotes and carefully chosen, easily understood language.)
1335
一月(JANUARY)
第一批罐装啤酒由新泽西州纽瓦克市的戈特弗里德克鲁格酿酒公司在弗吉尼亚州的里士满市提供。威尔士拉内利市的Felingfoel啤酒厂在今年晚些时候向英国推出了自己的版本。
(The first canned beer becomes available in Richmond, Vir-ginia, courtesy of the Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company of Newark, New Jersey; the Felingfoel Brewery in Llanelli, Wales, introduces their own version to the UK much later in the year.)
八月(AUGUST)
第一个中立法案是作为美国长期孤立主义政策的一部分通过的,使总统能够阻止向交战国运送武器。
(The first Neutrality Act is passed as part of America’s ongo-ing isolationist policy, enabling the President to prevent the shipment of arms to belligerent nations.)
1936
查尔斯·林德伯格第一次访问德国,报告德国航空和空军的状况;他被赫尔曼·戈林忽悠,认为德国的航空实力和发展远远大于实际情况。德美同盟是由美国纳粹党的残余势力组成的,拥有自己的军事力量和希特勒青年的版本。1938年,实际的纳粹党(NSDAP)下令禁止使用官方纳粹标志,1941年珍珠港爆炸后,该组织解散。
(Charles Lindbergh makes the first of many trips to Germany, to report on the state of German aviation and the Luftwaffe; he is hood-winked by Hermann Göring into thinking that German aerial strength and development is far greater than it actually is. The German-American League is formed from the remnants of the American Nazi Party, with its own mil-itary arm and version of the Hitler Youth. Ordered in 1938 to refrain from using official Nazi symbols by the actual Nazi Party (NSDAP), the group is disbanded in 1941 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.)
1937
阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特消失在太平洋的某个地方,因为她试图完成她的单人环球飞行。午餐肉是一种加工肉制品,由荷美尔食品公司引进;直到1941年它才正式进入英国,成为战时的主食。
(Amelia Earhart disappears somewhere over the Pacific as she attempts to complete her solo round-the-world flight. Spam, a processed meat product, is introduced by the Hormel Food Company; it will not officially reach Britain until 1941, where it becomes a wartime staple.)
五月(MAY)
第三个中立法案获得通过,涵盖了与其前任相同的条款,但也包括与选定的交战国进行交易的现金套利政策。兴登堡号飞艇在试图降落在新泽西州的莱克赫斯特时坠毁;目击者赫伯特·莫里森的无线电广播迅速大规模传播。
(The third Neutrality Act is passed, covering the same terms as its predecessors, but also including a cash-&-carry policy for trading with selected belligerents. The airship Hindenburgcrashes as it attempts to land at Lakehurst, New Jersey; Her-bert Morrison’s eye-witness radio broadcast rapidly becomes legendary.)
1938
十月(OCTOBER)
奥逊·威尔斯改编自H.G.威尔斯的《世界大战》广播剧引起了广泛的恐慌。
(Orson Welles’ radio adaptation of H. G. Wells’ War of the Worlds causes widespread panic.)
1939
海军和海军陆战队测试安德鲁·希金斯的“尤里卡”船作为部队登陆艇进行了测试。在对其的勺型船首进行重新设计后,它将作为LCVP(人员及车辆登陆艇)投入使用,后期的LCM版本用于大型机械运输。
(The Navy and Marines test Andrew Higgins’ Eureka boat as a troop landing craft. After its spoonbill bow is redesigned, it comes into service as the LCVP (Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel), with a later LCM version for large, mechanised transport.)
译注:原文为【spoonbill bow】但是疑似打错,因为没有在船的部件中找到该单词,疑似为【spoon】(勺)在编写出错成为【spoonbill】(琵鹭)
六月(JUNE)
美国海岸警卫队辅助队成立,最初被称为预备役部队。
(The US Coast Guard Auxiliary is formed, and is initially known as the Reserve.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
随着欧洲战争的爆发,美国宣布中立。查尔斯·林德伯格在电台上发表演讲,敦促美国不要参加战争。
(America declares its neutrality as war breaks out in Europe. Charles Lindbergh makes a speech on the radio pressing for America to remain out of the war.)
奥逊·威尔斯改编自H.G.威尔斯的《世界大战》广播剧引起了广泛的恐慌。
(Orson Welles’ radio adaptation of H. G. Wells’ War of the Worlds causes widespread panic.)
1940
尼龙长袜已经商业化;尼龙本身是由华莱士·卡罗瑟斯(Wallace Carothers)在1935年2月为杜邦公司工作时发现的。罗斯福的半隐蔽军事建设有效地标志着大萧条的恢复开始。民用公共服务(CPS)成立。国防债券可用,仅在1941年12月之后将其名称更改为战争债券。
(Nylon stockings become commercially available; nylon itself is discovered by Wallace Carothers whilst working for DuPont in February, 1935. Roosevelt’s semi-covert military build-up effectively signals the start of recovery from the Depression. The Civilian Public Service (CPS) is founded. Defence Bonds become available, only changing their name to War Bonds after December 1941.)
一月(JANUARY)
美国妇女自愿服务(AWVS)成立。
(The American Women’s Voluntary Services (AWVS) is founded.)
五月(MAY)
丘吉尔与美国谈判,美国提供五十艘旧驱逐舰的“贷款”,以换取百慕大和英属西印度群岛的海军基地,但国会直到9月才释放这些船只。
(Churchill negotiates the “loan” of fifty old destroyers from the US in return for naval bases in Bermuda and the British West Indies, but Congress does not release the ships until September.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
建立了《选择性服务法》,实现了美国和平时期的第一份草案。 成立美国第一委员会以促进孤立主义
(The Selective Service Act is established, enabling the first peacetime US draft. The America First Committee is established to promote isolationism)
十一月(NOVEMBER)
罗斯福连任美国总统,这是他的第三个任期。
(Roosevelt is re-elected President of the United States for a historic third term.)
十二月(DECEMBER)
罗斯福发表了他的“民主的兵工厂”演讲,标志着美国孤立主义和不干涉主义的结束。
(Roosevelt delivers his “Arsenal of Democracy” speech, mark-ing the beginning of the end of American isolationism and non-intervention.)
1941
二月(FEBRUARY)
联合勤务组织(USO)的成立是为了在休假期间为部队提供情感支持和娱乐。到11月,该组织还将通过营地表演招待军队。
(The United Service Organizations (USO) is founded to pro-vide troops with emotional support, and entertainment when on leave. By November, the organisation is also entertaining the troops through its Camp Shows.)
三月(MARCH)
美国国会批准了罗斯福的英国租借法案;随后批准了中国(4月)和苏联(10月)的法案。美国、墨西哥、哥斯达黎加和委内瑞拉扣押了所有使用其港口的德国、意大利和丹麦船只。
(US Congress ratifies Roosevelt’s British Lend-Lease Bill; sub-sequent Bills are ratified for China (April) and the Soviet Union (October). The US, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Vene-zuela impound all German, Italian, and Danish ships using their ports.)
四月(APRIL)
格陵兰岛在美国控制之下。
(Greenland places itself under US control.)
五月(MAY)
设立民防署(OCD)是为了协调联邦和州在战争紧急情况下保护平民的措施;埃莉诺·鲁奥·塞韦尔特发展了OCD的平民参与分支。空袭报警勤务(AWS)成立。
(The Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) is established to co-ordinate federal and state measures for protecting the civilian population in case of war emergency; Eleanor Roo-sevelt develops the Civilian Participation Branch of the OCD. The Aircraft Warning Service (AWS) is formed.)
六月(JUNE)
所有德国和意大利在美国持有的资产都被冻结。德国和意大利的领事和旅行社工作人员也被驱逐出境;德国和意大利也用类似的报复方式。成立了科学研究发展局(OSRD)。除了发展武器技术,从1943年底开始,它还对来自民间公共服务(CPS)的依良心拒服兵役者进行医学实验。
(All German and Italian assets held in the US are frozen. German and Italian consular and travel agency staff are also expelled from the country; both Germany and Italy retali-ate in a similar vein. The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) is established. As well as developing weapons technology, from late 1943 it also carries out medi-cal experiments on conscientious objectors from the Civilian Public Service (CPS).)
七月(JULY)
塔科马海峡大桥联通了华盛顿的普吉特海湾。但在11月,它断裂了,获得了“舞动的格蒂”的绰号
(The Tacoma Narrows Bridge opens across the Puget Sound, Washington. In November it tears itself apart, earning the nickname “Galloping Gertie”.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
罗斯福下令所有美国船只攻击德国和意大利的船只,因为基尔号驱逐舰被德国U型潜艇攻击,这威胁到大西洋护航队的通过(所谓的“先开枪”政策)。“帕特里克·亨利”号成为第一艘从巴尔的摩下水的自由轮。
(Roosevelt orders all US vessels to attack German and Italian shipping which threatens the passage of the Atlan-tic convoys (the so-called “shoot first” policy) after the USS Greer is attacked by a German U-boat. The Patrick Henry becomes the first Liberty ship to be launched from Baltimore.)
十月(OCTOBER)
鲁本詹姆斯号成为第一艘在冲突中被潜艇击沉的美国军舰。
(The USS Reuben James becomes the first American Naval ship to be sunk by a U-boat during the conflict.)
十二月(DECEMBER)
7日:日本飞机轰炸珍珠港,使美国正式参战;四天后,德国向美国宣战。民航巡逻组织(CAP)成立;1943年4月,它作为美国空军的一支辅助部队,从民防署转到了陆军部。第一次战争权力法案生效。美国第一个委员会解散了。《宪法》和《独立宣言》由武装警卫下的国家档案馆移至诺克斯堡,在那里保存到1944年10月
(7th: Japanese aircraft bomb Pearl Harbor, bringing Amer-ica officially into the war; four days later, Germany declares war on the United States. The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is formed; in April 1943, it is transferred from the OCD to the War Department as a USAAF Auxiliary force. The First War Powers Act comes into force. The America First Commit-tee is disbanded. The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are moved from the National Archives under armed guard to Fort Knox, where they are held for safekeep-ing until October 1944)
1942
一月(JANUARY)
配给开始了,轮胎是限制清单上的第一项。海军在拉克赫斯特建立了飞艇巡逻队;飞艇为大西洋和太平洋的护航编队提供反潜巡逻。战时生产委员会(WPB)的成立是为了使和平时期的工业为战争做好准备,同时监督物资的分配和确定生产优先次序。罗斯福要求美国职业棒球大联盟赛季照常进行。审查办公室发布了第一部自愿守则。
(Rationing begins, with tyres the first item on the restricted list. The Navy establishes its airship patrol service at Lakehurst; the airships provide anti-submarine patrols for convoys in the Atlantic and Pacific. The War Production Board (WPB) comes into being to ready peacetime indus-tries for war, as well as overseeing the allocation of materials and establishing production priorities. Roosevelt asks that the Major League Baseball season goes ahead as usual. The Office of Censorship issues its first Voluntary Code.)
二月(FEBRUARY)
日本潜艇炮击加州一家炼油厂,这是为数不多的针对美国本土的直接攻击。志愿港口保安服务(VPSS)成立了。
(Japanese submarines shell a Californian oil refinery, one of the few direct attacks against the American mainland. The Volunteer Port Security Service (VPSS) is established.)
三月(MARCH)
《第二次战争权力法》允许为军事目的征用土地,并修改了入籍法。日裔美国人的拘留开始了,而不是德国人或意大利人,他们是根据具体情况处理的。新泽西标准石油公司(埃克森美孚)“与敌人贸易”合成橡胶丑闻在美国爆发,使哈里·S·杜鲁门成为政治焦点。
(The Second War Powers Act enables the acquisition of land for military purposes and changes naturalisation laws. The internment of Japanese Americans begins en masse, but not German or Italian ones, who are dealt with on a case-by-case basis. The Farish/Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon) “trading with the enemy” synthetic rubber scan-dal breaks in America, bringing Harry S. Truman into the political limelight.)
四月(APRIL)
东海岸一段15英里的海岸线的“半灯光管制”是由德国U型潜艇活动造成的。
(The “dim-out” of a fifteen mile coastal stretch of the Eastern Seaboard is caused by German U-boat activity.)
五月(MAY)
美国东部开始实行汽油配给。妇女辅助军(WAAC)成立了。
(Petrol rationing begins in Eastern America. The Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) is established.)
绝密档案局(MJ)的建立,模仿英国的M部门。
(The Majestic Office (MJ) is established, modelled after the British Section M.)
六月(JUNE)
战略情报局(OSS)是中央情报局(CIA)的前身,是根据总统令设立的;绝密档案局(MJ)的建立,模仿英国的M部门,与OSS一起运作。空运司令部(ATC)接替了运输司令部(1941年5月成立)。
(The Office of Strategic Services (OSS), forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), is set up by Presidential decree; the Majestic Office (MJ) is also established, modelled after the British Section M, to operate alongside the OSS. The Air Transport Command (ATC) takes over from the Ferrying Command (established May 1941).)
七月(JULY)
美国海军预备队(女子预备队)成立。
(The US Naval Reserve (Women’s Reserve) is formed.)
九月(SEPTEMBER)
女空军飞行员(WASP)成立。
(The Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) is established.)
十月(OCTOBER)
美国税收法案对所有收入超过624美元的人征收5%的胜利税,同时提高其他个人所得税的税率;在这之前,大多数美国人根本不用缴纳所得税。海岸巡逻队成立了。
(The US Revenue Act institutes a 5% Victory Tax on all earnings over $624, as well as raising other individual income tax rates; until this point, most people in America paid no income tax at all. The Beach Patrol is formed.)
十二月(DECEMBER)
咖啡实行定量供应。
(Coffee becomes rationed.)
1943
美国妇女陆军重新启用。实习护士团成立了。
(The Women’s Land Army of America is reactivated. The Cadet Nurse Corps is founded.)
二月(FEBRUARY)
鞋子配给开始了。现在,平民每年只能购买三双皮鞋。
(Shoe rationing begins. Civilians may now only purchase three pairs of leather shoes per year.)
春季(SPRING)
全美女子职业棒球联盟(AAGPBL)举行了第一场比赛。在许多男子棒球队因应征入伍而关闭后,该联盟的成立是为了保持士气。
(The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) holds its first matches. The league is formed to maintain morale after the closure of many men’s baseball teams due to conscription.)
三月(MARCH)
肉类配给开始了。
(Meat rationing begins.)
照片:未知-新泽西州罗格斯大学-公共领域图片。
四月(APRIL)
奶酪、油脂和罐装食品都被列入定量配给清单。
(Cheese, fats, and tinned goods are all added to the list of items on ration.)
六月(JUNE)
联邦军队被派往底特律,以平息为期三天的种族暴乱,这场暴乱是由对黑人移民劳动力的歧视引起的。在加利福尼亚州,白人军人和拉丁美洲青年之间爆发了阻特服暴乱;只有当高级军官宣布禁止水手、士兵和海军陆战队进入洛杉矶时,暴乱才会停止。
(Federal troops are brought in to Detroit to quash a three-day race riot caused by discrimination against the migrant black workforce. The Zoot Suit Riots break out in California between white military personnel and Latino youths; they only stop when senior officers declare Los Angeles a no-go area for sailors, soldiers, and Marines.)
十月(OCTOBER)
链霉素是新泽西州罗格斯大学发现的一种新型抗生素。
(Streptomycin, a new class of antibiotic, is discovered at Rut-gers University, New Jersey.)
1944
黑人士兵第一次被允许担任地面战斗角色。
(Black troops are permitted to take up ground combat roles for the first time.)
一月(JANUARY)
第一艘胜利级SS联合胜利号下水了。胜利级是更大,更快,更多最新的装配线的著名的自由轮。
(The first Victory ship, the SS United Victory, is launched. The Victory class are the bigger, faster, more up-to-date assembly-line relatives of the more famous Liberty ships.)
五月(MAY)
大部分肉末的定量配给。《个人所得税法》提高了个人所得税,但废除了胜利税;大多数人没有注意到并继续缴纳胜利税。
(Rationing for most cuts of meat ends. The Individual Income Tax Act raises individual income tax but repeals the Victory Tax; most people don’t notice and continue to pay it.)
六月(JUNE)
罗斯福总统播送了他最后的炉边谈话。
(President Roosevelt broadcasts the last of his fireside chats.)
时尚失礼(Fashion Faux Pas)
阻特服是一种华丽的长袖宽松西服,主要由爱好爵士乐的墨西哥裔美国青年穿着。新闻界经常把他们与犯罪、犯罪和街头帮派联系在一起,他们在1942年3月之后也违反了WPB关于西装面料使用的规定,在某些地区因为明显蔑视配给限制而被视为不爱国。洛杉矶发生的所谓阻特服暴乱是加州白人和少数民族之间持续暴乱的一部分,服装被用作暴力和歧视的借口。
(Zoot suits are flamboyant, long-jacketed, baggy-panted suits predominantly worn by jazz-loving Mexican-American youths. Often associated in the press with delinquency, crime, and street gangs, they also run afoul of the WPB regulations on fabric use for suits after March, 1942, and are seen as unpatriotic in some areas for their obvious flouting of rationing restrictions. The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles are part of ongoing unrest between white and ethnic groups in California, with clothing used as an excuse for violence and discrimination.)
十一月(NOVEMBER)
日本开始越过太平洋向美国大陆发射气球炸弹。在六个月的行动中,唯一的伤亡者是一名成人和五名儿童,他们在试图取回一个困在树上的装置时触发了它。
(Japan starts to send balloon bombs across the Pacific to mainland America. The only casualties of the six-month campaign are an adult and five children, who trigger a device trapped in a tree while attempting to retrieve it.)
1945
四月(APRIL)
12日:罗斯福总统因病去世。副总统杜鲁门接任美国第33任总统。
(12th: President Roosevelt dies after a prolonged illness. Vice-President Truman takes over as the 33rd President of the United States.)