[求助] 请帮忙贴一下PHB/DMG上阵营的定义和相关的描述

[jimraynor]

rt，最好是严格的定义的，反正找到的就帮忙贴出来吧

[无名亡者]

ALIGNMENT

A creature’s general moral and personal attitudes are represented by its alignment: lawful good, neutral good, chaotic good, lawful neutral, neutral, chaotic neutral, lawful evil, neutral evil, or chaotic evil.
Alignment is a tool for developing your character’s identity. It is not a straitjacket for restricting your character. Each alignment represents a broad range of personality types or personal philosophies, so two characters of the same alignment can still be quite different from each other. In addition, few people are completely consistent.

GOOD VS. EVIL
Good characters and creatures protect innocent life. Evil characters and creatures debase or destroy innocent life, whether for fun or profit.
“Good” implies altruism, respect for life, and a concern for the dignity of sentient beings. Good characters make personal sacrifices to help others.
“Evil” implies hurting, oppressing, and killing others. Some evil creatures simply have no compassion for others and kill without qualms if doing so is convenient. Others actively pursue evil, killing for sport or out of duty to some evil deity or master.
People who are neutral with respect to good and evil have compunctions against killing the innocent but lack the commitment to make sacrifices to protect or help others. Neutral people are committed to others by personal relationships.
Being good or evil can be a conscious choice. For most people, though, being good or evil is an attitude that one recognizes but does not choose. Being neutral on the good–evil axis usually represents a lack of commitment one way or the other, but for some it represents a positive commitment to a balanced view. While acknowledging that good and evil are objective states, not just opinions, these folk maintain that a balance between the two is the proper place for people, or at least for them.
Animals and other creatures incapable of moral action are neutral rather than good or evil. Even deadly vipers and tigers that eat people are neutral because they lack the capacity for morally right or wrong behavior.

LAW VS. CHAOS
Lawful characters tell the truth, keep their word, respect authority, honor tradition, and judge those who fall short of their duties.
Chaotic characters follow their consciences, resent being told what to do, favor new ideas over tradition, and do what they promise if they feel like it.
“Law” implies honor, trustworthiness, obedience to authority, and reliability. On the downside, lawfulness can include close-mindedness, reactionary adherence to tradition, judgmentalness, and a lack of adaptability. Those who consciously promote lawfulness say that only lawful behavior creates a society in which people can depend on each other and make the right decisions in full confidence that others will act as they should.
“Chaos” implies freedom, adaptability, and flexibility. On the downside, chaos can include recklessness, resentment toward legitimate authority, arbitrary actions, and irresponsibility. Those who promote chaotic behavior say that only unfettered personal freedom allows people to express themselves fully and lets society benefit from the potential that its individuals have within them.
Someone who is neutral with respect to law and chaos has a normal respect for authority and feels neither a compulsion to obey nor a compulsion to rebel. She is honest but can be tempted into lying or deceiving others.
Devotion to law or chaos may be a conscious choice, but more often it is a personality trait that is recognized rather than being chosen. Neutrality on the lawful–chaotic axis is usually simply a middle state, a state of not feeling compelled toward one side or the other. Some few such neutrals, however, espouse neutrality as superior to law or chaos, regarding each as an extreme with its own blind spots and drawbacks.
Animals and other creatures incapable of moral action are neutral. Dogs may be obedient and cats free-spirited, but they do not have the moral capacity to be truly lawful or chaotic.

THE NINE ALIGNMENTS
Nine distinct alignments define all the possible combinations of the lawful–chaotic axis with the good–evil axis. Each alignment description below depicts a typical character of that alignment. Remember that individuals vary from this norm, and that a given character may act more or less in accord with his or her alignment from day to day. Use these descriptions as guidelines, not as scripts.
The first six alignments, lawful good through chaotic neutral, are the standard alignments for player characters. The three evil alignments are for monsters and villains.

Lawful Good, “Crusader”: A lawful good character acts as a good person is expected or required to act. She combines a commitment to oppose evil with the discipline to fight relentlessly. She tells the truth, keeps her word, helps those in need, and speaks out against injustice. A lawful good character hates to see the guilty go unpunished.
Lawful good is the best alignment you can be because it combines honor and compassion.

Neutral Good, “Benefactor”: A neutral good character does the best that a good person can do. He is devoted to helping others. He works with kings and magistrates but does not feel beholden to them..
Neutral good is the best alignment you can be because it means doing what is good without bias for or against order.

Chaotic Good, “Rebel”: A chaotic good character acts as his conscience directs him with little regard for what others expect of him. He makes his own way, but he’s kind and benevolent. He believes in goodness and right but has little use for laws and regulations. He hates it when people try to intimidate others and tell them what to do. He follows his own moral compass, which, although good, may not agree with that of society.
Chaotic good is the best alignment you can be because it combines a good heart with a free spirit.

Lawful Neutral, “Judge”: A lawful neutral character acts as law, tradition, or a personal code directs her. Order and organization are paramount to her. She may believe in personal order and live by a code or standard, or she may believe in order for all and favor a strong, organized government.
Lawful neutral is the best alignment you can be because it means you are reliable and honorable without being a zealot.

Neutral, “Undecided”: A neutral character does what seems to be a good idea. She doesn’t feel strongly one way or the other when it comes to good vs. evil or law vs. chaos. Most neutral characters exhibit a lack of conviction or bias rather than a commitment to neutrality. Such a character thinks of good as better than evil—after all, she would rather have good neighbors and rulers than evil ones. Still, she’s not personally committed to upholding good in any abstract or universal way.
Some neutral characters, on the other hand, commit themselves philosophically to neutrality. They see good, evil, law, and chaos as prejudices and dangerous extremes. They advocate the middle way of neutrality as the best, most balanced road in the long run.
Neutral is the best alignment you can be because it means you act naturally, without prejudice or compulsion.

Chaotic Neutral, “Free Spirit”: A chaotic neutral character follows his whims. He is an individualist first and last. He values his own liberty but doesn’t strive to protect others’ freedom. He avoids authority, resents restrictions, and challenges traditions. A chaotic neutral character does not intentionally disrupt organizations as part of a campaign of anarchy. To do so, he would have to be motivated either by good (and a desire to liberate others) or evil (and a desire to make those different from himself suffer). A chaotic neutral character may be unpredictable, but his behavior is not totally random. He is not as likely to jump off a bridge as to cross it.
Chaotic neutral is the best alignment you can be because it represents true freedom from both society’s restrictions and a do-gooder’s zeal.

Lawful Evil, “Dominator”: A lawful evil villain methodically takes what he wants within the limits of his code of conduct without regard for whom it hurts. He cares about tradition, loyalty, and order but not about freedom, dignity, or life. He plays by the rules but without mercy or compassion. He is comfortable in a hierarchy and would like to rule, but is willing to serve. He condemns others not according to their actions but according to race, religion, homeland, or social rank. He is loath to break laws or promises.
This reluctance comes partly from his nature and partly because he depends on order to protect himself from those who oppose him on moral grounds. Some lawful evil villains have particular taboos, such as not killing in cold blood (but having underlings do it) or not letting children come to harm (if it can be helped). They imagine that these compunctions put them above unprincipled villains.
Some lawful evil people and creatures commit themselves to evil with a zeal like that of a crusader committed to good. Beyond being willing to hurt others for their own ends, they take pleasure in spreading evil as an end unto itself. They may also see doing evil as part of a duty to an evil deity or master.
Lawful evil is sometimes called “diabolical,” because devils are the epitome of lawful evil.
Lawful evil is the most dangerous alignment because it represents methodical, intentional, and frequently successful evil.

Neutral Evil, “Malefactor”: A neutral evil villain does whatever she can get away with. She is out for herself, pure and simple. She sheds no tears for those she kills, whether for profit, sport, or convenience. She has no love of order and holds no illusion that following laws, traditions, or codes would make her any better or more noble. On the other hand, she doesn’t have the restless nature or love of conflict that a chaotic evil villain has.
Some neutral evil villains hold up evil as an ideal, committing evil for its own sake. Most often, such villains are devoted to evil deities or secret societies.
Neutral evil is the most dangerous alignment because it represents pure evil without honor and without variation.

Chaotic Evil, “Destroyer”: A chaotic evil character does whatever his greed, hatred, and lust for destruction drive him to do. He is hot-tempered, vicious, arbitrarily violent, and unpredictable. If he is simply out for whatever he can get, he is ruthless and brutal. If he is committed to the spread of evil and chaos, he is even worse. Thankfully, his plans are haphazard, and any groups he joins or forms are poorly organized. Typically, chaotic evil people can be made to work together only by force, and their leader lasts only as long as he can thwart attempts to topple or assassinate him.
Chaotic evil is sometimes called “demonic” because demons are the epitome of chaotic evil.
Chaotic evil is the most dangerous alignment because it represents the destruction not only of beauty and life but also of the order on which beauty and life depend.

要严格看原文最好

阵营

　　生物通常的道德和处事态度是由他的阵营来表现的：守序善良，中立善良，混乱善良，守序中立，绝对中立，混乱中立，守序邪恶，中立邪恶，或混乱邪恶。

　　阵营是帮你完善你角色性格的工具。它不是限制你角色的束缚。每个阵营提供了广泛的性格和哲学观，两个同阵营的角色仍然可以是完全不同的。另外，很少有人是完全一致的。

善良与邪恶

　　善良的角色和生物保护美好的生命。邪恶的角色和生物则毁灭生命，无论是为了取乐或利益。

 　　“善良”意味利他主义，尊重生命和关心有灵性的生物。善良的角色会为了帮助别人而牺牲自己。

 　　“邪恶”则代表了伤害、压迫和杀戮。一些邪恶的生物没有同情心，只要有利就毫不犹豫的进行杀戮。另一些积极追求邪恶，为了邪恶的神袛或主宰的支持而杀戮。

　　中立的人们尊敬善良和邪恶，伤害无辜会使他们感到后悔，但也缺乏帮助别人的牺牲精神。中立的人只会根据个人关系去帮助别人。

　　成为善良或邪恶可以是自愿的选择。但是对大部分人来说，善良或邪恶是一个人认同的态度而不是选择的结果。在善良和邪恶间选择中立通常表现出对善恶两方都缺乏认同，但有些则代表对平衡观念的主动态度。当认识到善良和邪恶不过是客观的状态，而不只是看法时，这些人试图为人们保持善恶的平衡，或者至少是为了他们自己这么做。

　　动物和其他没有道德观念的生物都是中立，而不是善良或邪恶。甚至致命的毒蛇和食人虎都是中立的，因为它们都没有判断善良或邪恶的道德能力。

守序与混乱

　　守序的角色诚实，守信，尊重权威，崇尚传统，而且轻视那些不负责任的人。

　　混乱的角色顺应自己的本性，厌恶指使，喜欢创新而不是传统，因好恶来决定是否遵守誓言。

　　“守序”意味荣誉，信赖，服从于权威和可靠。反过来说，守序包括封闭，墨守成规，好评判而缺乏适应性。那些选择守序的人认为，只有守序的行为才能创造一个人们可以彼此依赖的社会，才能互相信任合作。

　　“混乱”就是自由，适应性和灵活性。反之混乱则包括鲁莽，憎恨传统权威，独断专行和不负责任。那些推崇混乱行为的人认为，只有完全的个人自由能让人们充分地表达自己，使社会从个人行为中获益。
有些中立的人尊重秩序和混乱，一般的态度尊重权威，不会强迫自己去遵守或反抗。她诚实但也会被诱惑而说谎。

　　选择守序或混乱可能是自主的决定，但通常则是人格的体现而不是选择的结果。守序与混乱之间的中立通常只是中间路线，不会倾向任何一边。但是有少数一些中立者认为中立要好于守序或混乱，他们认为这两个极端都有本身的盲点和缺点。
　　动物和其他没有道德观念的生物都是中立。狗会服从而猫任性，但他们都没有判断守序或混乱的道德能力。

九大阵营

　　九个独特的阵营说明了守序到混乱，善良到邪恶的所有可能。在下面介绍每个阵营的典型角色。记住个人与标准之间的区别，而且每个角色每日所为也都有可能符合或不那么符合他的阵营。请把下面的描述当作建议而非剧本。
　　较前的六个阵营，从守序善良到混乱中立，是玩家的典型选择。三个邪恶阵营则是怪物和恶棍的选择。

　　守序善良，“十字军”：守序善良的角色就像一个好人应该或必须的方式行事。她结合了对抗邪恶的信念和严酷的战斗训练。她诚实守信，帮助需要的人，指出不公之事。一个守序善良的角色不愿看到不受惩罚的罪行。
　　守序善良的长处在于它结合了荣誉感和同情心。

　　中立善良，“施恩者”：中立善良的人会尽可能做一个好人。他乐意帮助别人。他可能与国王和官员合作，但不会对他们感到感激。
　　中立善良的长处在于行善不会有偏颇或与命令抵触。

　　混乱善良，“反抗者”：混乱善良的人会根据他自己的内心行事，而不管他人的期望。他有自己的方式，但是善良而仁慈。他相信善良和正义，但不会服从法律和规矩。他讨厌人们强迫别人或指示他怎么做。他顺从自己的道德标准，虽然本意善良，但不一定会被社会接受。
　　混乱善良的长处在于结合了善良的心和自由的灵魂。

　　守序中立，“审判者”：守序中立的人以法律，传统或个人信条来引导他的行动。秩序和组织对她来说及为重要。她可能有个人信条，生活则遵循某个规则或标准，她也可能希望一切都按部就班，并且支持一个强大而有组织的政府领导。
　　守序中立的长处在于它意味着不用成为狂热者也能得到信赖和尊敬。

　　绝对中立，“无立场者”：绝对中立的人并没有什么主意。她对善良和邪恶，秩序和混乱没有特别的倾向。大部分绝对中立的角色缺乏信念，而不是信仰中立。这样的人认为善良要比邪恶好，毕竟她宁愿有善良的邻居和统治者而不是邪恶的。但是，她不会在任何抽象或普遍的情况下表现对善良的支持。
　　另一方面，一些绝对中立的角色却信仰中立的哲学。他们认为善良，邪恶，秩序和混乱都是偏见和危险的极端。就长远来看，他们认为中立是最好，最平衡的路线。
　　绝对中立的长处在于你处事自然，没有偏见和强迫。

　　混乱中立，“自由人”：混乱中立的人冲动行事。他自始自终都是个人主义者。他重视自己的自由，但不愿意保护别人的自由。他躲避权威，怨恨约束，以及挑战传统。一个混乱中立的人不会像无政府主义者一样有意去破坏组织。如果这样做的话，不是因为善良（为了解放他人）就是邪恶（希望不同的人受苦）。混乱中立的角色可能无法预测，但他的行为并非完全随意。他并不会从桥上跳下而不是走过去。
　　混乱中立的长处在于它从社会限制和道德劝说中提供了真正的自由。

　　守序邪恶，“支配者”：守序邪恶的人会依照自己的行为规则来得到他想要的东西，而不管这是否会伤害其他人。他重视传统，忠诚和秩序，但不关心自由，尊严或生命。他依规则行事，但是却没有怜悯和同情。阶级制度对他来说是最合适的，因为喜欢统治，愿意服从。他不会因他人的行为而谴责他人，而是根据他人的种族，信仰，家乡或社会地位。他不愿意打破法律或许诺。这一部分是来自他的本性，另一部分则是因为他依靠秩序来保护自己免遭道德观念不同的人反对。一些守序邪恶的人会有些特殊的禁忌，比如说不残忍的杀人（但让手下去做）或不伤害小孩（如果这有利的话）。他们认为这些会使他们比那些无恶不作的罪犯要好许多。
　　一些守序邪恶的人和生物会狂热的献身邪恶，就像十字军献身于善良一样。除了伤害他人的目标外，他们还热衷于散播邪恶。他们也可能把作恶作为侍奉邪恶的神袛或主子的一部分工作。
　　守序邪恶有时也被称为“魔鬼崇拜者”，因为魔鬼是典型的守序邪恶生物。
　　守序邪恶最危险的地方在于，它是一种有系统，有计划而经常成功的邪恶。

　　中立邪恶，“犯罪者”：中立邪恶的人会为了自己做任何事。她只为了自己，单纯而简单。她不会为她杀死的人流泪，不论是为了利益，高兴还是方便。她不喜欢法律，而且也不会幻想追随法律、传统或任何规范会让自己高贵。另一方面，她也不是像混乱邪恶的人一样焦躁和热衷于争斗。
　　一些中立邪恶的人把邪恶当作一种信念，为了自己的利益而推动邪恶。大多数情况是，一些恶徒投身于邪恶的神袛或秘密组织。
　　中立邪恶最危险的地方在于，它表现的是真正的邪恶，完全没有荣誉感，也完全没有变化。

　　混乱邪恶，“毁灭者”：混乱邪恶的角色会因他的贪婪，憎恨而做任何事，破坏欲驱使他如此行为。他暴躁，充满恶意，专横暴力而且不可预测。如果只是为了得到他想要的东西，他显得无情而残忍。如果为了散播邪恶和混乱的话，情况可能更糟糕。值得庆幸的是他并没有什么计划，而且任何他参加或组织的团体都没有很好的组织起来。一般情况下，只有在被强迫时混乱邪恶的人才会相互合作，而且只有在其领袖能应付争斗和暗杀时才能维持下去。
　　混乱邪恶有时也被称作“恶魔人士”，因为恶魔是典型的混乱邪恶生物。
　　混乱邪恶最危险的地方在于，它不但破坏美和生命，还毁坏了美和生命所依赖的秩序。

[jimraynor]

非非非常常常感感感谢谢谢……