写在之前的话这个贴子的意义何在？
喵写这个贴子并不是为了证明什么或者证伪什么，想要直接拉到最后看结论的人可能会失望，因为这只是一个收集贴，将相关的规则列出来并加以简单的说明；但是对于那些爱较真的人来说，这个贴子或许会是简单直接的论据来源，可以方便地理清矛盾规则的时间脉络，对比其优劣好坏。
无论如何，对于这些前后矛盾的规则部分，我们理应对其更加细心；简单粗暴地将一者直接覆盖到另一者上，又或者是任由矛盾的规则同时出现在游戏中，或许是方便的选择，但是绝对不是最好的选择。
MM1的解释方法——俯冲攻击dive attacks就是俯冲攻击
mm1 p312 2003 07
A creature that flies can make dive attacks. A dive attack works
just like a charge, but the diving creature must move a minimum
of 30 feet and descend at least 10 feet. It can make only claw or
talon attacks, but these deal double damage.
rotw p68 2005 02
raptoran with flight can make a dive attack. A dive
attack works like a charge, but the raptoran must move a
minimum of 30 feet and descend at least 10 feet. A raptoran
can make a dive attack only when wielding a piercing
weapon; if the attack hits, it deals double damage.
rotd p10 2006 01
dragonborn with flight can make a dive attack. A
dive attack works like a charge, but the dragonborn
must move a minimum of 30 feet and descend at least
10 feet. A dragonborn can make a dive attack only when
wielding a piercing weapon. If the dive attack hits, it
deals double damage.
实际上，可以显而易见地发现，这些描述实际上是一脉相承的。即使龙种和鸟人能用来俯冲的武器有些许不一样，不过stormtalon这个鸟人种族进阶职业的存在也将MM1版本的俯冲攻击和鸟人版本的俯冲攻击联系了起来。严格地讲，在这种规则描述下，俯冲攻击其实并不是真正的冲刺——A dive attack just works like a charge，but is exactly not a charge。从某种角度讲，count as、work like、as if这样的描述大多需要dm来明确究竟什么效果才对这类能力生效。举个例子，半兽人在种族相关效果上视作兽人，但是一个半兽人角色在被破敌：兽人角色攻击时并不会获得+4力量的种族调整，也不会获得日光目眩能力；死魔位面特性的效果视同反魔法力场法术，但是很明显这个效果既没有反魔法力场法术的施法者，也必然不存在施法者等级，更不可能被解除；秘银全身甲视作中甲，但是很显然不会有dm允许你以+4000gp的中甲价格购买秘银全身甲。对于这里的dive attack而言，很明显它能够触发譬如突击尖兵这样的效果，但是是不是一切冲刺效果都能被俯冲攻击触发，还需要具体问题具体分析。
ROTG的解释方法——作为移动方式的俯冲（dive），和在俯冲时进行的冲刺（diving charge）
rotg，all about movement 4,2004 06
Basic flight consists of turning, level flight, climbing, diving, and (usually) maintaining a minimum forward speed.
Down Angle: The down angle is the maximum angle at which the creature can dive through the air. A creature with a down angle of 45o must move ahead at least 5 feet for every 5 feet it climbs. A harpy has average maneuverability, so it can dive at any angle.
Down Speed:Any flying creature can fly down at twice its normal flying speed. An easy way to track diving movement is to allow it 5 feet of bonus movement for every 5 feet it descends, to a maximum of twice its normal flying speed. The creature can use the extra movement for any kind flying movement it normally could perform, except for hovering.
Downward movement in a stall or freefall does not increase a creature's speed. Instead, the creature falls straight down at a fixed rate.
出现在rotg中的俯冲dive，很明显就是一种移动方式。飞行生物下降5尺，就获得额外的5尺速度。这也是dive这个词的字面意思——向下扑去。
rotg，all about movement 5,2004 07
Charge
Flying creatures can use the charge action. A flying charge must be in straight line and most cover at least 10 feet (2 squares). A flyer can charge while diving, but not while gaining more than 5 feet altitude (unless the flyer has perfect maneuverability and can climb without losing speed).
If a flyer makes a diving charge of at least 30 feet (6 squares) and also loses 10 feet of altitude or more, it can attack only with a claw or with a piercing or slashing weapon. These attacks, however, deal double damage.
而一个月后的同系列下一期文章中对俯冲diving charge的解释，则是“在进行俯冲这种移动方式时冲锋”。这也是对俯冲最宽松的判法，任何飞行者只要能造成挥砍或穿刺伤害就可以触发俯冲冲刺的双倍效果。实际上，就时间而言，这应该是解释MM1的俯冲规则，但是这里的解释却和它之前及之后的规则都很不一样……
万律的解释方法——
俯冲攻击dive attacks是冲刺charge
rc p27 2007 11
Flying during a Charge
A creature that flies can make dive attacks. A dive attack
works just like a charge, but the diving creature must move a
minimum of 30 feet and descend at least 10 feet. It can make
only claw or talon attacks, but these deal double damage.
哦，rc，rc。这是关于俯冲的最后版本的规则，同样，按照“最后出版者为准”的原则，这也是最后应该生效的规则。看上去这和mm1、rotw、rotd的俯冲攻击并无二致，但是这里第一次规定了“dive attack”是一种冲刺——它放在了冲刺的章节。或许是为了和rotg的说法统一，不过这也不重要，按照这种判法，dive attack=diving charge=a kind of charge。但是很奇怪地，这里完全照抄了mm1的俯冲规则，即只有爪击才能触发俯冲的双倍伤害效果。喵本人不认为会有dm将这直接覆盖掉龙种与鸟人的穿刺武器俯冲，但是鸟人拿着长枪可以俯冲，天使就只能用爪子，有的时候确实感觉略有奇怪……
结语首先感谢能把本贴看到这里的人们。
其次，如果有人发现不一样的规则解释，请务必贴出来，参考终归还是越多越好的。毕竟这大概是一个资料收集贴……
